Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It primarily affects animals, particularly rodents, rabbits, and hares, but can also be transmitted to humans through various routes such as tick bites, contact with infected animals, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, or ingestion of contaminated food or water.
The prevalence of Tularemia varies across different regions and populations. It is considered endemic in certain parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. The disease is more commonly reported in rural areas where there is closer contact between humans and infected animals or ticks. However, due to its low incidence and non-specific symptoms, Tularemia often goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring and reporting Tularemia cases. While the overall number of reported cases is relatively low, outbreaks can occur sporadically, especially in areas with favorable environmental conditions for the bacteria and increased exposure risks.
It is important to note that Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans, but it is not considered highly contagious between individuals. Taking preventive measures such as avoiding contact with wild animals, using insect repellent, and practicing good hygiene can help reduce the risk of infection.