Which are the symptoms of Uterine Carcinosarcoma (MMMT)?

Uterine carcinosarcoma, also known as malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that affects the uterus. It is characterized by the presence of both malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components. This type of cancer typically occurs in postmenopausal women, although it can also affect younger women.

Symptoms:

Uterine carcinosarcoma may present with various symptoms, although some women may not experience any symptoms in the early stages of the disease. As the tumor grows and progresses, the following symptoms may become more apparent:

1. Abnormal vaginal bleeding: One of the most common symptoms of uterine carcinosarcoma is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This may include postmenopausal bleeding, irregular menstrual bleeding, or bleeding between periods. It is important to note that abnormal bleeding does not always indicate cancer, but it should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

2. Pelvic pain or discomfort: Women with uterine carcinosarcoma may experience pelvic pain or discomfort. This can range from mild to severe and may be persistent or intermittent. The pain may be localized to the pelvic area or may radiate to the lower back or thighs.

3. Enlarged uterus: The presence of a uterine mass or an enlarged uterus may be detected during a physical examination. This can sometimes be felt as a palpable mass in the lower abdomen.

4. Urinary symptoms: In some cases, uterine carcinosarcoma can cause urinary symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, or difficulty emptying the bladder completely. These symptoms may occur due to the tumor pressing on the bladder or urethra.

5. Bowel symptoms: As the tumor grows, it may exert pressure on the intestines, leading to symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, or changes in bowel habits.

6. Fatigue: Many women with uterine carcinosarcoma experience fatigue or a general feeling of tiredness. This can be attributed to the body's response to the cancer and the demands it places on the body's resources.

7. Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss may occur in some cases of uterine carcinosarcoma. This can be due to a combination of factors, including decreased appetite, metabolic changes, and the body's response to the cancer.

8. Anemia: Uterine carcinosarcoma can cause anemia, which is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count. Anemia can lead to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

9. Other symptoms: In advanced stages of uterine carcinosarcoma, women may experience additional symptoms such as abdominal bloating, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

It is important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to uterine carcinosarcoma and can be caused by other conditions as well. However, if any of these symptoms persist or worsen, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and diagnosis.