What are Ventricular Septal Defects

Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) are congenital heart defects characterized by an abnormal opening in the septum, the wall that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This opening allows blood to flow between the ventricles, causing a mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

VSDs can vary in size and location, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. The severity of symptoms depends on the size of the defect and the amount of blood shunting between the ventricles. Small VSDs may close on their own or cause minimal symptoms, while larger defects can lead to symptoms like fatigue, rapid breathing, poor weight gain, and frequent respiratory infections.

Diagnosis of VSDs is typically made through a physical examination, echocardiogram, and other imaging tests. Treatment options vary depending on the size and symptoms of the defect. Small VSDs may not require treatment and can close naturally over time. However, larger VSDs may require surgical intervention to repair the septal opening and improve heart function.

Early detection and appropriate management of VSDs are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal heart health.