Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic eye condition that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. VKC is typically seasonal, with symptoms worsening during spring and summer months.
Diagnosing VKC involves a comprehensive evaluation by an ophthalmologist or an optometrist. The healthcare professional will begin by taking a detailed medical history, including any family history of allergies or eye conditions. They will then perform a thorough eye examination, looking for specific signs and symptoms associated with VKC.
One of the key diagnostic features of VKC is the presence of giant papillae on the upper tarsal conjunctiva. These papillae are large, raised bumps that can be seen upon close inspection of the inner eyelid. The number and size of these papillae can vary among individuals.
Another important sign of VKC is the presence of a thick, stringy discharge from the eyes. This discharge is often accompanied by itching, redness, and a gritty sensation in the eyes. The healthcare professional will inquire about these symptoms and may ask about their frequency and severity.
In some cases, additional tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other eye conditions. These tests may include:
Once a diagnosis of VKC is confirmed, the healthcare professional will develop a treatment plan tailored to the individual's needs. This may include the use of lubricating eye drops, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, or corticosteroids to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.