How is Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease diagnosed?

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare autoimmune disorder that affects various parts of the body, including the eyes, skin, and nervous system. Diagnosing VKH disease requires a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, typically an ophthalmologist or a rheumatologist.

Medical History: The diagnostic process usually begins with a detailed medical history. The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms, their duration, and any previous medical conditions or treatments. This information helps to establish a baseline and identify potential risk factors.

Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination is conducted to assess the patient's overall health and identify any visible signs or symptoms of VKH disease. The doctor may examine the eyes, skin, and nervous system for any abnormalities.

Eye Examination: The eyes are a primary target of VKH disease. An ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examination, and fundoscopy. These tests help to evaluate the presence of inflammation, such as uveitis (inflammation of the uvea) or retinal detachment.

Lab Tests: Various laboratory tests may be ordered to support the diagnosis of VKH disease. These tests include:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test helps to assess the levels of different blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Abnormalities in these counts may indicate inflammation or an autoimmune response.


• Fluorescein Angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the patient's bloodstream and taking photographs of the retina. It helps to identify any leakage or abnormalities in the blood vessels of the eye.


• Indocyanine Green Angiography: Similar to fluorescein angiography, this test uses a different dye to evaluate the choroidal blood vessels. It provides additional information about the extent and severity of inflammation.


• Lumbar Puncture: In some cases, a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be performed to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid. This can help detect any abnormalities associated with VKH disease, such as increased white blood cell count or elevated protein levels.

Diagnostic Criteria: The International Committee on VKH Disease has established specific diagnostic criteria, which include the presence of certain clinical features and the exclusion of other conditions. These criteria help ensure an accurate diagnosis and differentiate VKH disease from other similar conditions.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of VKH disease may require multiple visits and a collaborative approach involving different specialists. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and preserve vision.