What is Warm Antibody Hemolytic Anemia

Warm Antibody Hemolytic Anemia (WAHA) is a type of autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) by antibodies. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that target and attack RBCs, leading to their premature destruction and subsequent anemia.

WAHA is referred to as "warm" because the antibodies involved function optimally at normal body temperature (37°C). These antibodies, known as warm autoantibodies, attach to RBCs and trigger their destruction primarily in the spleen. As a result, the affected individual experiences a decrease in the number of circulating RBCs, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

WAHA can be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to an underlying condition, such as lymphoma, lupus, or certain infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect the presence of autoantibodies and assess RBC destruction. Treatment options include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and in severe cases, blood transfusions or splenectomy.

It is important for individuals with WAHA to receive proper medical care and ongoing monitoring to manage their symptoms and prevent complications associated with chronic anemia.