What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight. Individuals with XP have a defect in their ability to repair DNA damage caused by UV radiation, leading to a higher risk of developing skin cancer and other skin abnormalities.

People with XP often experience severe sunburns even with minimal sun exposure. They may develop freckles, dry skin, and pigment changes on sun-exposed areas. Additionally, XP can affect the eyes, causing eye irritation, sensitivity to light, and an increased risk of eye cancer.

Due to the high risk of skin cancer, individuals with XP must take strict precautions to minimize sun exposure. This includes wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF), and avoiding outdoor activities during peak sunlight hours.

XP is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management and regular monitoring by dermatologists and ophthalmologists. Genetic counseling is recommended for families with a history of XP to understand the risk of passing on the disorder to future generations.