Which are the symptoms of Poland Syndrome?

Symptoms of Poland Syndrome

Poland Syndrome is a rare congenital condition that primarily affects the chest muscles and bones on one side of the body. It is named after the British surgeon Sir Alfred Poland, who first described the condition in the 19th century. Poland Syndrome is characterized by a range of physical abnormalities, which can vary in severity from person to person.

1. Underdeveloped or Absent Pectoral Muscles

One of the key features of Poland Syndrome is the underdevelopment or absence of the pectoral muscles on one side of the chest. This can result in a visibly smaller or sunken chest on the affected side. The degree of muscle involvement can vary, with some individuals having only mild muscle underdevelopment, while others may have a complete absence of the pectoral muscles.

2. Asymmetrical Appearance

Due to the underdeveloped or absent pectoral muscles, individuals with Poland Syndrome often have an asymmetrical appearance. The affected side of the chest may appear flatter or smaller compared to the unaffected side. This asymmetry can be more noticeable in females, as it can affect breast development and size.

3. Hand and Arm Abnormalities

In addition to chest abnormalities, Poland Syndrome can also affect the hand and arm on the same side as the chest involvement. The most common hand abnormality associated with Poland Syndrome is brachydactyly, which refers to abnormally short fingers. The fingers may be shorter than normal or have missing joints. Other hand and arm abnormalities can include webbing of the fingers, underdeveloped muscles, and skeletal deformities.

4. Rib Deformities

Poland Syndrome can also affect the ribs on the affected side of the chest. The ribs may be underdeveloped or fused together, leading to various rib cage abnormalities. This can result in a visibly smaller or narrower rib cage on one side, contributing to the overall asymmetrical appearance.

5. Breast Abnormalities

In females, Poland Syndrome can cause breast abnormalities on the affected side. The breast may be smaller in size, have a different shape, or be completely absent. This can lead to significant emotional and psychological impact, as it can affect body image and self-esteem.

6. Other Possible Features

While less common, Poland Syndrome can also be associated with other features, including abnormalities of the shoulder blade, arm length discrepancy, scoliosis (abnormal curvature of the spine), and heart defects. These additional features can vary in occurrence and severity among individuals with Poland Syndrome.

It is important to note that the symptoms and severity of Poland Syndrome can vary widely among individuals. Some individuals may only have mild chest muscle underdevelopment, while others may have multiple associated abnormalities. The condition can affect both males and females, although it is more commonly seen in males.

If you suspect that you or your child may have Poland Syndrome, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.