Addison's Disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare chronic disorder that affects the adrenal glands. These glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce essential hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. In Addison's Disease, the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate amounts of these hormones, leading to various symptoms and potential complications.
The prevalence of Addison's Disease is relatively low, estimated to be around 1 in 10,000 individuals worldwide. However, it is important to note that prevalence rates may vary across different populations and regions. The condition can affect individuals of any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in individuals between 30 and 50 years old.
Addison's Disease can be caused by autoimmune disorders, infections, cancer, or genetic factors. The symptoms may include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, darkening of the skin, and salt cravings. If left untreated, it can lead to adrenal crisis, a life-threatening condition.
Diagnosis of Addison's Disease involves blood tests to measure hormone levels, imaging scans, and stimulation tests. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to restore the deficient hormones. With proper management, individuals with Addison's Disease can lead normal lives.