An aortic aneurysm refers to an abnormal bulging or ballooning of the aorta, which is the main blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This condition occurs when the walls of the aorta weaken and become susceptible to expansion or rupture.
Aortic aneurysms can develop in different sections of the aorta, including the ascending aorta (near the heart), the aortic arch (curved part), or the descending aorta (lower part). They are often classified as either thoracic or abdominal, depending on their location.
While small aortic aneurysms may not cause noticeable symptoms, larger ones can lead to severe complications such as internal bleeding or aortic dissection (a tear in the aortic wall). Risk factors for developing an aortic aneurysm include advanced age, high blood pressure, smoking, atherosclerosis, and certain genetic conditions.
Diagnosis of an aortic aneurysm typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment options depend on the size, location, and overall health of the patient. Small aneurysms may be monitored regularly, while larger ones may require surgical intervention to prevent rupture.