Arnold Chiari malformation is a relatively rare neurological condition characterized by structural defects in the base of the skull and the cerebellum. It is named after the Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari, who first described the condition in the late 19th century. The malformation involves the displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the opening at the base of the skull, causing compression and disruption of normal brain function.
While precise prevalence rates are challenging to determine due to variations in diagnostic criteria and the asymptomatic nature of some cases, it is estimated that Arnold Chiari malformation affects approximately 1 in every 1,000 to 2,500 individuals. The condition is more commonly diagnosed in females than males, and it is often present from birth, although symptoms may not manifest until later in life. Arnold Chiari malformation can be associated with a range of symptoms, including headaches, neck pain, balance problems, and neurological deficits.
Early detection and appropriate management are crucial in minimizing potential complications and improving quality of life for individuals with Arnold Chiari malformation.