Arnold Chiari malformation, also known as Chiari malformation, is a structural defect in the brain and spinal cord. It is named after the Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari, who first described the condition in the late 19th century. This condition is characterized by the displacement of the cerebellar tonsils, which are located at the base of the brain, through the opening at the base of the skull called the foramen magnum.
Arnold Chiari malformation is classified into several types, with Type I being the most common. In Type I, the cerebellar tonsils extend into the foramen magnum, causing compression and disruption of the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including headaches, neck pain, dizziness, balance problems, and sensory disturbances.
Synonyms for Arnold Chiari malformation include:
It is important to note that Arnold Chiari malformation can be associated with other conditions, such as syringomyelia, a condition characterized by the formation of fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord. The exact cause of Arnold Chiari malformation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth.
Treatment for Arnold Chiari malformation may vary depending on the severity of symptoms and associated complications. In some cases, conservative management, such as pain medication and physical therapy, may be sufficient. However, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord, restore normal CSF flow, and alleviate symptoms.