A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital heart condition where the aortic valve in the heart has only two leaflets instead of the usual three. This condition affects approximately 1-2% of the population and is more common in males than females. BAV can lead to various symptoms and complications, which may vary from person to person.
Many individuals with bicuspid aortic valve may not experience any symptoms, especially during childhood and adolescence. However, as they age, certain signs and symptoms may develop, including:
A heart murmur is a common finding in individuals with BAV. It is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, caused by turbulent blood flow across the valve. A doctor may detect this murmur during a routine physical examination.
Some individuals with BAV may experience chest pain or discomfort, particularly during physical activity or exercise. This pain is typically located behind the breastbone and may be described as a pressure or tightness.
Shortness of breath, especially during exertion, is another common symptom of BAV. It occurs due to the heart's inability to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's demands.
Feeling excessively tired or fatigued is a common complaint among individuals with BAV. This fatigue can be attributed to the heart's reduced efficiency in pumping blood.
In some cases, BAV can lead to episodes of dizziness or fainting. This occurs when the heart is unable to supply enough blood and oxygen to the brain temporarily.
Irregular heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias, can occur in individuals with BAV. These abnormal heartbeats may cause palpitations, a sensation of the heart racing or skipping beats.
Individuals with BAV may be at a higher risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension). This can further strain the heart and increase the risk of complications.
Bicuspid aortic valve can also lead to various complications, which may include:
Aortic stenosis occurs when the valve becomes narrowed, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
Aortic regurgitation, also known as aortic insufficiency, happens when the valve doesn't close properly, causing blood to leak back into the heart. This can result in symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
In some cases, BAV can lead to the development of an aortic aneurysm, which is a bulging or weakening of the aortic wall. If left untreated, an aneurysm can potentially rupture, leading to life-threatening complications.
Individuals with BAV have an increased risk of developing infective endocarditis, which is an infection of the heart's inner lining or valves. This condition requires prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics.
If you suspect you or someone you know may have bicuspid aortic valve or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.