Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the irreversible widening and damage of the bronchial tubes in the lungs. These tubes, responsible for carrying air in and out of the lungs, become abnormally dilated, leading to a build-up of mucus and bacteria. This condition often results from repeated lung infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, or can be caused by underlying conditions like cystic fibrosis or immune system disorders.
Common symptoms of bronchiectasis include persistent coughing, excessive production of sputum, shortness of breath, wheezing, and recurrent respiratory infections. The damaged bronchial tubes are less effective in clearing mucus, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Over time, this can lead to further lung damage and respiratory complications.
While there is no cure for bronchiectasis, treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. This may involve a combination of medications to control infections and reduce inflammation, airway clearance techniques to remove excess mucus, pulmonary rehabilitation, and in severe cases, surgery to remove affected lung areas.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help individuals with bronchiectasis lead fulfilling lives while minimizing the impact of the condition on their respiratory health.