How is Castleman disease diagnosed?

How is Castleman Disease Diagnosed?

Castleman disease, also known as Castleman syndrome or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal growth of lymph nodes. It can affect multiple areas of the body, including the chest, abdomen, and neck. Diagnosing Castleman disease can be challenging due to its rarity and varied presentation. However, several diagnostic tests and procedures can help healthcare professionals identify this condition.

Medical History and Physical Examination:

During the initial evaluation, the doctor will review the patient's medical history and conduct a thorough physical examination. They will inquire about symptoms, such as enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. The doctor will also assess the patient's overall health and look for any visible signs of Castleman disease, such as swollen lymph nodes or organ enlargement.

Blood Tests:

Blood tests are commonly performed to aid in the diagnosis of Castleman disease. These tests help evaluate the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities. The doctor may order a complete blood count (CBC) to check for changes in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets. Elevated levels of certain proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), may also indicate Castleman disease.

Imaging Studies:

Imaging studies play a crucial role in diagnosing Castleman disease. They help visualize the affected lymph nodes and identify any associated complications. Common imaging techniques include:

• X-rays: X-rays provide a basic view of the chest or abdomen and can help identify enlarged lymph nodes or other abnormalities.


• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body, allowing doctors to visualize the size, location, and characteristics of enlarged lymph nodes.


• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the body. It can provide more information about the structure and composition of lymph nodes.


• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: PET scans involve injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the body. This material accumulates in areas with increased metabolic activity, such as cancerous or inflamed lymph nodes.

Lymph Node Biopsy:

A lymph node biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis of Castleman disease. During this procedure, a small sample of the affected lymph node is removed and examined under a microscope. The biopsy helps determine the type of Castleman disease present, such as unicentric or multicentric, and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Additional Tests:

In some cases, additional tests may be required to gather more information about the disease. These tests may include bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometry, genetic testing, or viral studies. They help assess the extent of the disease, identify specific cell markers, and rule out other potential causes.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you experience persistent symptoms or have concerns about Castleman disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with this rare condition.

by Diseasemaps