Encephalitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the brain. It can be caused by various factors such as viral infections, bacterial infections, or autoimmune disorders. The inflammation in the brain can lead to a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and even coma in severe cases.
Viruses are the most common cause of encephalitis, with herpes simplex virus and arboviruses being the primary culprits. These viruses are typically transmitted through mosquito bites or direct contact with infected individuals. In some cases, encephalitis can also result from bacterial infections like Lyme disease or autoimmune reactions where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain tissue.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing encephalitis. Doctors may perform a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging scans to assess the extent of brain inflammation. Treatment options often involve antiviral or antibiotic medications, depending on the underlying cause. Supportive care, including rest, fluids, and pain relief, may also be provided to alleviate symptoms and aid recovery.
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if encephalitis is suspected, as the condition can have serious complications and long-term effects on cognitive function and overall health.