How is Essential Tremor diagnosed?

Essential Tremor (ET) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary shaking or trembling of certain parts of the body, most commonly the hands. It is important to diagnose ET accurately to ensure appropriate treatment and management of symptoms. The diagnosis of ET is primarily based on clinical evaluation and ruling out other potential causes of tremors.

Medical History: The first step in diagnosing ET is a detailed medical history. The doctor will ask about the patient's symptoms, their frequency, duration, and any factors that may worsen or improve the tremors. They will also inquire about any family history of tremors or other movement disorders, as ET can have a genetic component.

Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination is conducted to assess the presence and characteristics of tremors. The doctor will observe the tremors, noting their location, severity, and any associated movements. They may ask the patient to perform specific tasks or postures that can trigger or exacerbate the tremors.

Neurological Examination: A neurological examination is crucial to differentiate ET from other movement disorders. The doctor will assess the patient's muscle strength, coordination, reflexes, and sensation. They will also evaluate other neurological functions to rule out underlying conditions that may cause tremors.

Diagnostic Tests: While there is no specific test to confirm the diagnosis of ET, certain tests may be ordered to exclude other potential causes of tremors. These tests may include:

• Blood tests: Blood tests can help identify any underlying metabolic or hormonal imbalances that may contribute to tremors.


• Imaging studies: Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans may be performed to rule out structural abnormalities or brain lesions that could be causing the tremors.


• Electromyography (EMG): EMG involves the insertion of small needles into the muscles to measure their electrical activity. This test can help differentiate between ET and other movement disorders.

Family History: ET often runs in families, so obtaining a detailed family history is crucial. If multiple family members have a history of tremors, it can support the diagnosis of ET.

Response to Medications: Another important aspect of diagnosing ET is assessing the patient's response to medications. ET typically responds well to certain medications, such as beta-blockers or anticonvulsants. If the patient experiences a significant reduction in tremors with these medications, it further supports the diagnosis of ET.

It is important to note that the diagnosis of ET is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms and exclusion of other potential causes. The absence of a specific diagnostic test for ET can make the diagnosis challenging, and in some cases, a referral to a neurologist specializing in movement disorders may be necessary.

by Diseasemaps