Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-contagious medical condition that affects the blood vessels, particularly the arteries. It is characterized by abnormal cell growth within the walls of the arteries, leading to narrowing, bulging, or twisting of the affected vessels. FMD most commonly affects the renal arteries (arteries supplying blood to the kidneys), but it can also occur in other arteries throughout the body.
The exact cause of FMD is still unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is not caused by any infectious agent and cannot be transmitted from person to person. Therefore, FMD is not contagious.
FMD is more commonly seen in women, especially those between the ages of 40 and 60. It can be asymptomatic or present with various symptoms depending on the location and severity of the affected arteries. Common symptoms include high blood pressure, headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears, and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis of FMD involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or angiography. Treatment options for FMD depend on the symptoms and severity of the condition. Medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure and prevent complications. In some cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore proper blood flow.
It is important to note that FMD is a chronic condition that requires long-term management and regular follow-up with a healthcare professional. Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco use can help manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.