Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare condition that affects the blood vessels, particularly the arteries. It is characterized by abnormal cell growth within the walls of the arteries, leading to narrowing, bulging, or twisting of the affected blood vessels. FMD most commonly affects the arteries leading to the kidneys, but it can also occur in other arteries throughout the body.
Diagnosing FMD can be challenging as its symptoms can vary widely and mimic other conditions. However, there are certain signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of FMD:
- High blood pressure: Uncontrolled or resistant hypertension is a common symptom of renal artery FMD. If you have high blood pressure that is difficult to manage, it may be worth considering FMD as a possible cause.
- Headaches: FMD affecting the arteries in the head and neck can cause recurrent headaches, particularly migraines.
- Neck pain: Some individuals with FMD experience neck pain, which can be a result of arterial dissection or narrowing.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness: Reduced blood flow to the brain due to FMD can lead to episodes of dizziness or feeling lightheaded.
- Blurred vision or ringing in the ears: FMD affecting the arteries supplying the eyes or ears can cause visual disturbances or tinnitus.
- Abdominal pain: If FMD affects the arteries supplying the intestines, it may result in abdominal pain after eating.
- Leg pain or claudication: FMD in the arteries of the legs can cause pain, cramping, or weakness during physical activity.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional. They will evaluate your medical history, perform a physical examination, and may order additional tests to determine the cause of your symptoms. Diagnostic tests commonly used to detect FMD include:
- Angiography: This imaging technique uses a contrast dye and X-rays to visualize the blood vessels and identify any abnormalities.
- Doppler ultrasound: By using sound waves, this non-invasive test can assess blood flow and detect any narrowing or blockages in the arteries.
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): This imaging method uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the blood vessels, helping to identify any abnormalities.
- Computed tomography angiography (CTA): Similar to MRA, CTA uses X-rays and a contrast dye to produce detailed images of the blood vessels.
It is important to note that FMD is a rare condition, and many of its symptoms can be attributed to other more common health issues. Therefore, a proper medical evaluation is crucial for an accurate diagnosis. If you suspect you may have FMD, reach out to a healthcare professional who can guide you through the diagnostic process.