Gastroschisis is a congenital birth defect that affects the abdominal wall of a developing fetus. It occurs when the baby's intestines protrude through a hole in the abdominal wall, usually to the right of the umbilical cord. This condition is typically diagnosed during routine prenatal ultrasounds.
The severity of gastroschisis can vary from case to case, depending on the size of the abdominal defect and the extent of damage to the intestines. The exposed intestines are vulnerable to injury and infection, which can lead to complications and affect the overall prognosis.
Survival rates for infants with gastroschisis have significantly improved over the years, thanks to advancements in medical care and surgical techniques. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the majority of infants born with gastroschisis can lead healthy lives.
The primary goal of treatment is to protect the exposed intestines, prevent infection, and ensure proper nutrition for the baby. Immediately after birth, the infant is typically taken to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for specialized care. The medical team will carefully place the intestines back into the abdominal cavity and cover them with a sterile dressing or a special material called a silo.
Surgery is usually required within the first few days or weeks of life to repair the abdominal wall defect. The specific surgical approach may vary depending on the individual case, but the main objective is to close the opening and create a functional abdominal wall. In some instances, a staged repair may be necessary if the defect is too large to close all at once.
After the initial surgery, the baby will continue to receive close monitoring and care in the NICU. The medical team will closely watch for any signs of infection, bowel obstruction, or other complications. The length of hospital stay can vary depending on the severity of the gastroschisis and the overall health of the baby.
Long-term outcomes for individuals with gastroschisis can be generally positive. Most infants who undergo successful surgical repair can go on to live normal, healthy lives. However, it is important to note that there can be potential complications and challenges associated with this condition.
Some infants may experience short bowel syndrome, a condition where the intestines are not long enough to properly absorb nutrients. This can lead to difficulties with digestion and nutrient absorption, requiring specialized medical management and dietary modifications. Additionally, there may be a risk of bowel obstruction or adhesions (scar tissue) in the abdominal area, which may require further surgical interventions.
It is crucial for individuals with gastroschisis to receive ongoing medical follow-up and support. Regular check-ups with pediatric surgeons, gastroenterologists, and nutritionists are essential to monitor growth, development, and address any potential complications that may arise.
While it is difficult to provide an exact life expectancy for someone with gastroschisis, the overall prognosis has significantly improved over the years. With advancements in medical care, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment, the majority of individuals with gastroschisis can lead fulfilling lives.