Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, primarily affecting the respiratory tract and kidneys. Formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, GPA causes the immune system to mistakenly attack healthy tissues, leading to the formation of granulomas (small clusters of inflamed cells) and damage to blood vessels.
The condition primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, including the sinuses, nose, and throat, leading to symptoms such as chronic sinusitis, nasal ulcers, and ear infections. It can also involve the lungs, causing cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Additionally, GPA may affect the kidneys, resulting in kidney damage and potentially leading to kidney failure.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage GPA and prevent complications. Treatment typically involves a combination of immunosuppressive medications to control inflammation and reduce the immune system's attack on the body. In severe cases, plasmapheresis (a procedure to filter the blood) may be necessary to remove harmful antibodies.
GPA is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical care and monitoring. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with GPA can achieve remission and lead fulfilling lives.