Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a relatively common form of vasculitis, primarily affecting children between the ages of 2 and 11 years. Although it can occur at any age, it is most prevalent in this age group. HSP is characterized by inflammation of the small blood vessels, resulting in a distinctive rash known as purpura, which appears as small, raised, reddish-purple spots on the skin.
The exact prevalence of HSP varies across different populations and geographical regions. However, it is estimated that HSP affects approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 children annually. This prevalence translates to a considerable number of cases worldwide, given the global population of children. HSP is more commonly observed in boys than girls, with a male-to-female ratio of around 1.5:1.
While HSP is generally considered a self-limiting condition, meaning it resolves on its own without treatment, it can lead to various complications in some cases. These complications may include joint pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, kidney involvement, and rarely, more severe systemic manifestations. Prompt medical evaluation and appropriate management are crucial to minimize the risk of complications and ensure a favorable outcome for individuals with HSP.