HIV/AIDS is a serious global health condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (also known as T cells), which play a crucial role in fighting off infections and diseases. As the virus replicates and destroys these cells, the immune system weakens, making the body more susceptible to various infections, cancers, and other complications.
HIV is primarily transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing contaminated needles, or from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It cannot be transmitted through casual contact like hugging or shaking hands.
Early HIV infection may cause flu-like symptoms, but it can remain asymptomatic for years. Without proper medical care and treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe damage to the immune system and the occurrence of opportunistic infections or cancers.
While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively control the virus, allowing people with HIV to live long and healthy lives. It is crucial to get tested, practice safe behaviors, and access appropriate medical care to prevent the transmission and progression of HIV/AIDS.