Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to dehydration, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalances. It is estimated to affect approximately 0.5% to 2% of pregnant women, making it a relatively rare condition. While most pregnant women experience some degree of morning sickness, HG is characterized by persistent and excessive vomiting that can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
The exact cause of HG is not fully understood, but hormonal changes, particularly elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are believed to play a role. Women with a history of HG in previous pregnancies are at a higher risk of experiencing it again.
Although HG can occur at any stage of pregnancy, it typically begins around 4-6 weeks and peaks between 9-13 weeks. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as malnutrition, liver dysfunction, and psychological distress.
Managing HG involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medical interventions. These may include antiemetic medications, intravenous fluids, and hospitalization in severe cases.
It is important for pregnant women experiencing severe nausea and vomiting to consult their healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and management of HG.