Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that affects the shape and structure of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. It is characterized by the thinning and bulging of the cornea, leading to a cone-like shape. This condition usually begins during adolescence or early adulthood and may progress over several years. While the exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Recognizing the symptoms of keratoconus is crucial for early detection and appropriate management of the condition. Here are some common signs and symptoms to watch out for:
One of the earliest signs of keratoconus is a gradual deterioration in vision quality. Initially, individuals may experience mild blurring or distortion of vision, which can worsen over time. This can make it challenging to read, drive, or perform daily activities that require clear vision.
Keratoconus can cause increased sensitivity to light, a condition known as photophobia. Affected individuals may find it uncomfortable or painful to be exposed to bright lights or glare. This sensitivity can make it difficult to be outdoors during daylight or in well-lit environments.
As keratoconus progresses, the shape of the cornea becomes more irregular, leading to frequent changes in eyeglass prescription. Individuals may find that their glasses no longer provide clear vision or that their prescription needs to be updated frequently. This can be frustrating and may indicate the presence of keratoconus.
Another common symptom of keratoconus is the perception of distorted or ghosting images. This occurs due to the irregular shape of the cornea, which causes light to scatter and focus on multiple points instead of a single point on the retina. As a result, individuals may see double images or experience halos around lights.
People with keratoconus often experience itching or irritation in their eyes, leading to increased eye rubbing. This can further aggravate the condition and potentially worsen the corneal shape. Excessive eye rubbing can also increase the risk of developing other eye conditions, such as corneal abrasions or infections.
Keratoconus can significantly impact night vision. Many individuals with this condition report difficulty seeing clearly in low-light conditions or at night. This can make driving at night particularly challenging and unsafe.
Due to the irregular shape of the cornea, individuals with keratoconus often experience eye strain and fatigue. This can occur even with minimal visual tasks, such as reading or using electronic devices. Eye strain can lead to headaches and overall discomfort.
In advanced stages of keratoconus, a rare complication called corneal hydrops may occur. This happens when the cornea becomes so thin and weak that it bulges outward, causing sudden vision loss, extreme pain, and swelling. Corneal hydrops requires immediate medical attention.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult an eye care professional for a comprehensive eye examination. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help slow down the progression of keratoconus and preserve vision.