Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. It is characterized by the development of itchy, flat-topped, polygonal-shaped papules or lesions. The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells.
Skin Symptoms:
The most common symptom of lichen planus is the appearance of small, shiny, purplish-red or violet-colored bumps on the skin. These bumps, known as papules, are usually flat-topped and have a polygonal shape. They can occur anywhere on the body but are commonly found on the inner wrists, ankles, lower back, and genital area. The papules may be itchy and may develop into larger patches or plaques over time.
Oral Symptoms:
Lichen planus can also affect the mucous membranes, particularly in the mouth. Oral lichen planus presents as white, lacy patches or sores on the inside of the cheeks, gums, tongue, and roof of the mouth. These lesions can be painful and may cause a burning sensation, making it uncomfortable to eat or drink. In severe cases, they can lead to ulcers and erosions.
Scalp and Hair Symptoms:
In some cases, lichen planus can affect the scalp, leading to redness, irritation, and hair loss. The scalp may become itchy and develop scaly patches. Hair follicles may be damaged, resulting in temporary or permanent hair loss in the affected areas. It is important to seek medical attention if scalp involvement is suspected to prevent further complications.
Genital Symptoms:
Lichen planus can also affect the genital area, causing discomfort and pain. In males, it may present as white, shiny patches on the tip of the penis or foreskin. In females, it can cause white, erosive lesions on the vulva, vagina, or cervix. These lesions can be painful and may lead to scarring and narrowing of the vaginal opening.
Nail Symptoms:
Lichen planus can affect the nails, leading to changes in their appearance. Affected nails may become thin, ridged, and brittle. They may develop grooves or lines, and in severe cases, the nails may become thickened or completely destroyed. Nail involvement is more common in individuals with severe or long-standing lichen planus.
Other Symptoms:
In addition to the specific symptoms mentioned above, lichen planus can also cause general symptoms such as itching, burning, and discomfort. The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person, and some individuals may experience periods of remission where the symptoms improve or disappear temporarily.
If you suspect you have lichen planus or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. While there is no cure for lichen planus, various treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and reduce discomfort.