Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) is a rare congenital disorder affecting the kidneys. It is characterized by the formation of cysts or dilated tubules in the medullary and papillary regions of the kidneys. These cysts are believed to be caused by a developmental abnormality in the kidney's tubular structure.
Individuals with MSK may experience various symptoms, although some may remain asymptomatic. The most common symptoms include recurrent urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and blood in the urine. These symptoms arise due to the cysts' impact on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine and maintain proper fluid balance.
Diagnosis of MSK typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or intravenous pyelogram. Treatment focuses on managing the associated symptoms and complications. This may involve medications to control pain, prevent infections, and dissolve kidney stones. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove large stones or correct anatomical abnormalities.
It is important for individuals with MSK to maintain regular follow-ups with their healthcare providers to monitor kidney function and address any emerging issues. While MSK is a chronic condition, with proper management, individuals can lead relatively normal lives.