Minimal change disease is a kidney disorder that primarily affects children. It is characterized by abnormal kidney function, specifically the loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria). The exact cause of this condition is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response.
Symptoms: The most common symptom of minimal change disease is swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, and around the eyes. This swelling is due to the loss of protein in the urine, which leads to a decrease in the protein levels in the blood. Other symptoms may include foamy urine, fatigue, and weight gain.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of minimal change disease involves a series of tests, including urine analysis, blood tests, and a kidney biopsy. The biopsy is crucial in ruling out other kidney diseases.
Treatment: The main treatment for minimal change disease is corticosteroid therapy, which helps reduce inflammation and decrease proteinuria. In most cases, the condition responds well to this treatment. However, some individuals may require additional medications or immunosuppressive therapy.
Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor kidney function and adjust treatment as needed. With appropriate management, the prognosis for minimal change disease is generally favorable, and most children with this condition go on to live healthy lives.