Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma or Kahler's disease, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. Plasma cells are a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections.
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the abnormal growth and accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to the production of abnormal proteins called monoclonal proteins or M proteins. These M proteins can cause various complications, such as weakened bones, impaired kidney function, anemia, and increased susceptibility to infections.
The exact cause of multiple myeloma is unknown, but certain risk factors have been identified, including advanced age, male gender, family history of the disease, exposure to radiation or certain chemicals, and certain genetic abnormalities.
Common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, weakness, and kidney problems. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, imaging studies, and genetic testing.
Treatment options for multiple myeloma depend on various factors, including the stage of the disease, overall health of the patient, and individual preferences. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation are commonly used treatment approaches. Supportive care measures, such as pain management, bisphosphonate therapy to strengthen bones, and antibiotics to prevent infections, are also important.
While multiple myeloma is a serious condition, advancements in treatment options have improved outcomes for many patients. Ongoing research and clinical trials continue to explore new therapies and approaches to further enhance the management of this disease.