Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature infants. It is characterized by inflammation and tissue death in the intestines, which can lead to severe complications and even death. The prevalence of NEC varies depending on several factors, including gestational age, birth weight, and the level of neonatal care provided.
Studies have shown that NEC affects approximately 7-12% of very low birth weight infants, who weigh less than 1500 grams at birth. Preterm infants, especially those born before 32 weeks of gestation, are at the highest risk for developing NEC. The incidence of NEC decreases with increasing gestational age and birth weight.
Despite advances in neonatal care, NEC remains a significant concern in neonatal intensive care units. It is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants, with a mortality rate ranging from 20-30%. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and appropriate management are crucial in improving outcomes for infants affected by NEC.