Necrotizing fasciitis, commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is a rare but extremely serious bacterial infection that affects the soft tissues of the body. It rapidly destroys the skin, fat, and underlying fascia, leading to tissue death and potentially life-threatening complications.
The prevalence of necrotizing fasciitis is relatively low, with an estimated incidence of 0.4 to 1 case per 100,000 individuals per year. Although it is considered rare, the condition can have devastating consequences if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Necrotizing fasciitis can affect individuals of any age or gender, but certain factors may increase the risk. These include immunocompromised states (such as diabetes, cancer, or HIV), obesity, chronic illnesses, intravenous drug use, and recent surgery or trauma. Additionally, the infection can be caused by various bacteria, most commonly Group A Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus.
Early recognition and prompt medical intervention are crucial in improving outcomes for individuals with necrotizing fasciitis. Immediate surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care are typically required. Despite advances in medical care, the mortality rate associated with this condition remains high, ranging from 20% to 40%.