Pectus excavatum, also known as sunken or funnel chest, is a congenital deformity of the chest wall where the breastbone (sternum) and rib cage grow abnormally, resulting in a caved-in appearance. This condition can vary in severity, ranging from mild indentations to more pronounced depressions that can affect the heart and lungs.
The prognosis for individuals with pectus excavatum largely depends on the severity of the deformity and any associated symptoms. Mild cases may not cause significant health issues and may only be of cosmetic concern. However, more severe cases can lead to functional impairments and potential complications.
Physiological effects: Pectus excavatum can compress the heart and lungs, potentially affecting their function. This can result in reduced exercise tolerance, shortness of breath, and decreased cardiac output. In severe cases, it may lead to cardiac arrhythmias or respiratory infections.
Treatment options: The treatment approach for pectus excavatum depends on the severity and symptoms experienced by the individual. Mild cases may not require any intervention, while moderate to severe cases may benefit from corrective measures.
Nonsurgical options: Physical therapy exercises, such as chest wall stretching and muscle strengthening, can help improve posture and respiratory function. Additionally, the use of external devices like vacuum bell or braces may be recommended to gradually reshape the chest wall.
Surgical intervention: In more severe cases or when symptoms persist, surgical correction may be considered. The most common procedure is the Nuss procedure, where a curved metal bar is inserted to reshape the chest wall. Another surgical option is the Ravitch procedure, which involves removing the deformed cartilage and repositioning the sternum.
Prognosis: With appropriate treatment, individuals with pectus excavatum can experience significant improvement in both cosmetic appearance and physiological function. Surgical correction often leads to a more symmetrical chest and improved respiratory capacity. However, the prognosis can vary depending on the individual's age, severity of the deformity, and any associated complications.
It is important for individuals with pectus excavatum to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most suitable treatment plan based on their specific circumstances.