Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and stiffness. It can also affect other parts of the body, including organs such as the heart and lungs. The symptoms of RA can vary from person to person, and they can come and go, making it a challenging condition to manage. Here are some of the common symptoms associated with rheumatoid arthritis:
One of the hallmark symptoms of RA is joint pain and stiffness. The pain is often described as aching or throbbing and is typically worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity. The stiffness can make it difficult to move the affected joints, and it may take some time for the joints to loosen up after waking up or sitting for a while.
Inflammation is a key characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. The affected joints may become swollen, tender to the touch, and appear red or warm. This swelling is caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the lining of the joints, known as the synovium, leading to increased fluid production and joint inflammation.
Many individuals with RA experience persistent fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell. This fatigue can be debilitating and may interfere with daily activities. Weakness in the muscles, especially around the affected joints, is also common and can further contribute to reduced mobility.
People with RA often experience prolonged morning stiffness that lasts for more than an hour. This stiffness can make it challenging to get out of bed or perform morning routines. Morning stiffness is a distinct feature of RA and can be a helpful diagnostic clue for healthcare professionals.
If left untreated or poorly managed, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to joint deformities. Over time, the chronic inflammation can cause damage to the cartilage and bone, resulting in joint deformities and loss of function. Common deformities associated with RA include swan neck deformity (bent finger joints), boutonniere deformity (flexed finger joints), and ulnar deviation (sideways deviation of the fingers).
Rheumatoid arthritis is not limited to joint symptoms alone. It is a systemic disease that can affect various organs and systems in the body. Some individuals may experience symptoms such as fever, weight loss, dry eyes, dry mouth, and skin nodules. RA can also increase the risk of developing other conditions, including cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
RA symptoms often occur in flares, where the symptoms worsen and become more intense, followed by periods of remission, where the symptoms improve or disappear. The frequency and duration of flares can vary greatly between individuals. Managing RA involves not only treating the active symptoms but also preventing future flares and maintaining long-term remission.
If you suspect you may have rheumatoid arthritis or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early intervention and proper management can help minimize joint damage and improve quality of life for individuals with RA.