Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that affects breathing during sleep. It is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while sleeping. These pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes and can occur multiple times throughout the night. Sleep apnea can be categorized into three types: obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and complex sleep apnea syndrome.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type and occurs when the throat muscles relax, causing the airway to narrow or close. This leads to disrupted breathing and often results in loud snoring or gasping for air during sleep. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is less common and happens when the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. Complex sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS) is a combination of both OSA and CSA.
Sleep apnea can have various negative effects on overall health and well-being. It can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, morning headaches, difficulty concentrating, and even depression. If left untreated, it can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and other serious health conditions.
Treatment for sleep apnea may include lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and avoiding alcohol or sedatives before bed. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is a common treatment method that involves wearing a mask over the nose or mouth during sleep to deliver a constant flow of air pressure, keeping the airway open. Other options include oral appliances, positional therapy, and in some cases, surgery.
If you suspect you or someone you know may have sleep apnea, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.