Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition characterized by compression of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta. This compression leads to various gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.
The prevalence of SMAS is difficult to determine accurately due to its rarity and the lack of large-scale studies. However, it is estimated to affect approximately 0.013% to 0.3% of the general population. SMAS is more commonly observed in females, with a female-to-male ratio of about 3:1. The condition typically manifests in individuals between the ages of 10 and 39, although it can occur at any age.
SMAS can be caused by various factors, including rapid weight loss, prolonged bed rest, scoliosis, trauma, and anatomical abnormalities. Diagnosis often involves imaging techniques such as barium swallow studies, CT scans, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Early recognition and treatment of SMAS are crucial to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Treatment options may include conservative measures such as nutritional support, dietary modifications, and postural changes. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the duodenal compression.