Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition characterized by the compression of the third portion of the duodenum (the small intestine) between two major blood vessels in the abdomen. The superior mesenteric artery, which supplies blood to the intestines, and the abdominal aorta, can exert pressure on the duodenum, leading to various symptoms.
SMAS typically occurs when there is a decrease in the angle between the superior mesenteric artery and the abdominal aorta, causing compression. This can be a result of anatomical abnormalities, rapid weight loss, prolonged bed rest, or the use of body casts.
Common symptoms of SMAS include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and weight loss. These symptoms may worsen after eating, as the pressure on the duodenum increases during digestion.
Diagnosis of SMAS involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as CT scans or barium swallow studies. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include conservative measures such as dietary modifications, nutritional support, and weight gain. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the compression and restore normal intestinal function.