Tarlov cysts, also known as perineural cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the nerve roots of the spine, typically in the sacral region. These cysts are named after the neurosurgeon who first described them, Dr. Isadore Tarlov. While Tarlov cysts can cause significant pain and neurological symptoms, they are not contagious.
Tarlov cysts are considered to be congenital, meaning they are present at birth or develop shortly after. They are believed to be caused by a weakness in the protective covering of the nerve roots, allowing cerebrospinal fluid to accumulate and form a cyst. The exact cause of this weakness is still not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to genetic factors and mechanical stress on the spine.
It is important to note that Tarlov cysts are not caused by an infection or a communicable disease. They are not the result of a virus, bacteria, or any other pathogen that can be transmitted from person to person. Therefore, there is no risk of contracting Tarlov cysts from someone who has them.
Although Tarlov cysts are not contagious, they can cause a range of symptoms and complications for the individuals who have them. The most common symptom is chronic pain, which can be localized to the lower back, buttocks, or legs. This pain may worsen with activities such as sitting, standing, or walking. Other symptoms may include numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and bowel or bladder dysfunction if the cysts compress nearby nerves or nerve roots.
Diagnosing Tarlov cysts can be challenging because their symptoms can mimic those of other spinal conditions. Imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are typically used to visualize the cysts and assess their size and location. In some cases, a nerve block may be performed to determine if the cysts are the source of the pain.
When it comes to treatment, there is no universally accepted approach due to the lack of large-scale clinical trials. Treatment options for Tarlov cysts are primarily focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Conservative measures such as pain medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications (e.g., avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms) are often recommended as initial steps. If conservative measures fail to provide relief, interventional procedures such as cyst aspiration, cyst fenestration, or surgical removal may be considered.
It is important for individuals with Tarlov cysts to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in spinal conditions to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on their specific symptoms and circumstances.
In summary, Tarlov cysts are not contagious and cannot be transmitted from person to person. They are congenital abnormalities that develop on the nerve roots of the spine. While they can cause significant pain and neurological symptoms, treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.