Tarlov cyst, also known as perineural cyst, is a rare condition characterized by the presence of fluid-filled sacs in the spinal canal. These cysts typically develop at the nerve root sheath, most commonly in the sacral region of the spine. While the exact cause of Tarlov cysts is not fully understood, they are believed to be congenital or acquired due to trauma or degenerative changes.
Due to the lack of awareness and often asymptomatic nature of Tarlov cysts, it is challenging to determine their exact prevalence. However, studies suggest that Tarlov cysts may be more common than previously thought, with estimates ranging from 4% to 9% of the general population. It is important to note that not all individuals with Tarlov cysts experience symptoms, and the cysts are often discovered incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions.
When symptoms do occur, they can vary widely and may include chronic pain, numbness, weakness, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. Treatment options for Tarlov cysts aim to alleviate symptoms and may include conservative measures such as pain management, physical therapy, or surgical intervention in severe cases.