Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon and rectum. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and weight loss.
The prevalence of ulcerative colitis varies across different regions and populations. According to recent studies, it is estimated that approximately 1 to 1.3 million people in the United States are affected by ulcerative colitis. In Europe, the prevalence ranges from 0.5 to 24.3 cases per 100,000 individuals. The condition is more common in developed countries and urban areas.
Ulcerative colitis affects both males and females equally, and it can develop at any age, although it most commonly begins between the ages of 15 and 30. The exact cause of ulcerative colitis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.
While ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition, it can be managed with various treatment options, including medication, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery. Regular medical follow-up and monitoring are essential to control symptoms, prevent complications, and improve the quality of life for individuals living with ulcerative colitis.