Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the digestive tract, leading to various symptoms. The severity and frequency of these symptoms can vary from person to person.
1. Diarrhea: One of the most common symptoms of ulcerative colitis is frequent and urgent bowel movements. The stools may be loose, watery, and may contain blood or mucus.
2. Abdominal Pain: Many individuals with ulcerative colitis experience abdominal pain or cramping. The pain is often located in the lower left side of the abdomen.
3. Rectal Bleeding: Blood in the stool is a significant symptom of ulcerative colitis. It may be bright red or have a darker, tarry appearance.
4. Fatigue: Chronic inflammation and the body's immune response can lead to fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell.
5. Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss can occur due to reduced appetite, malabsorption of nutrients, and increased calorie expenditure from the body's inflammatory response.
6. Loss of Appetite: Many individuals with ulcerative colitis experience a decreased appetite, which can contribute to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies.
7. Anemia: Chronic inflammation and rectal bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia, resulting in symptoms such as weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
8. Fever: Some individuals may experience low-grade fever during flare-ups of ulcerative colitis.
9. Joint Pain: Inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis can also affect the joints, leading to pain and swelling.
10. Skin Problems: Skin conditions like rashes, sores, and ulcers can occur as a result of the inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis.
11. Eye Inflammation: Inflammation can also affect the eyes, causing redness, pain, and blurred vision.
12. Liver Problems: In rare cases, ulcerative colitis can lead to liver inflammation, resulting in symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
It is important to note that these symptoms can vary in severity and may come and go in periods of flare-ups and remission. If you experience any of these symptoms or suspect you may have ulcerative colitis, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.