Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by inflammation in the brain and spinal cord. While it can affect individuals of all ages, it is most commonly seen in children and adolescents. The exact prevalence of ADEM is difficult to determine due to its rarity and the lack of comprehensive data. However, studies suggest that it occurs in approximately 0.4 to 0.8 cases per 100,000 individuals per year.
ADEM is typically triggered by an infection or an immune response following a vaccination. It often presents with symptoms such as fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and weakness in the limbs. The condition can progress rapidly, leading to neurological deficits and even coma in severe cases.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in managing ADEM. Treatment usually involves high-dose corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and other supportive measures. With appropriate medical intervention, many individuals with ADEM experience significant recovery, although some may have residual neurological impairments.
Given the rarity of ADEM, it is important to consult with healthcare professionals for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.