Diabetes, also known as sugar diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar and allows it to enter cells for energy.
Type 1 diabetes, previously called juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little to no insulin production, requiring lifelong insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump.
Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. It is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior, and poor diet. Type 2 diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes, oral medications, or insulin therapy.
Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. It occurs when hormonal changes during pregnancy impair insulin action, leading to high blood sugar levels. Women with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, which can occur in individuals with diabetes when their blood sugar is not properly controlled. It can lead to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, hyperglycemia can be life-threatening.
Hypoglycemia, on the other hand, is low blood sugar levels that can occur in individuals with diabetes who take certain medications or have excessive insulin. It can cause symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness if severe. Prompt treatment with a source of glucose is necessary to raise blood sugar levels.
Diabetes is a complex condition that requires ongoing management and monitoring. It can lead to various complications if not properly controlled, including cardiovascular disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and eye problems. Regular medical check-ups, blood sugar monitoring, a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and adherence to prescribed medications are crucial for individuals with diabetes to maintain optimal health.