Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar and allows it to enter cells for energy.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It usually develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, typically occurring in adulthood. It results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity. Initially, the body may produce enough insulin, but it becomes ineffective over time, leading to high blood sugar levels.
Diabetes can lead to various complications if not properly managed, including heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems. Treatment involves maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through a combination of medication, diet, regular physical activity, and monitoring.
Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy, affecting blood sugar levels. It requires careful monitoring and management to prevent complications for both the mother and baby.
Early detection, education, and lifestyle modifications are crucial in managing diabetes and reducing the risk of complications.