Endometriosis is a common and often painful disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus, called the endometrium, grows outside of the uterus. This misplaced tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic organs.
Symptoms of endometriosis can vary but commonly include pelvic pain, painful periods, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility. Some women may also experience pain during intercourse, bowel movements, or urination.
The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but several theories exist. It is believed that retrograde menstruation, where menstrual blood flows back into the pelvic cavity, may play a role. Hormonal imbalances and a weakened immune system may also contribute to the development of endometriosis.
Diagnosis of endometriosis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. The only definitive way to diagnose endometriosis is through laparoscopic surgery, where a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to visualize and remove any abnormal tissue.
Treatment options for endometriosis include pain management through over-the-counter or prescription medications, hormonal therapies to suppress the growth of endometrial tissue, and surgery to remove the abnormal tissue. In some cases, assisted reproductive technologies may be necessary to achieve pregnancy.
It is important for women experiencing symptoms of endometriosis to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment options.