Hereditary haemochromatosis (HFE) is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption of dietary iron by the intestines, leading to iron overload in various organs of the body. It is primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene, which regulates the body's iron absorption.
While there is currently no known cure for HFE, the condition can be effectively managed through treatment and lifestyle modifications. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce the body's iron levels to normal ranges and prevent complications associated with iron overload.
Therapeutic phlebotomy is the most common treatment for HFE. It involves regularly removing blood from the body, which helps to lower iron levels. The frequency of phlebotomy sessions varies depending on the severity of iron overload and individual needs. Initially, sessions may be more frequent and then gradually spaced out as iron levels stabilize.
In addition to phlebotomy, dietary changes can play a crucial role in managing HFE. Individuals with HFE are advised to limit their intake of iron-rich foods, such as red meat, liver, and fortified cereals. They should also avoid consuming vitamin C supplements or foods high in vitamin C, as it enhances iron absorption.
Regular monitoring of iron levels through blood tests is essential to assess the effectiveness of treatment and adjust phlebotomy frequency accordingly. Genetic counseling is also recommended for individuals with HFE and their family members to understand the inheritance pattern and potential risks.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve the quality of life for individuals with HFE. While a cure for HFE is not currently available, ongoing research and advancements in medical science offer hope for potential future treatments.