Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing essential nutrients and removing waste products. In hydrocephalus, the excess fluid puts pressure on the brain, leading to various symptoms.
Symptoms: The signs of hydrocephalus can vary depending on age and the rate of fluid accumulation. In infants, symptoms may include an enlarged head, bulging fontanelle (soft spot), irritability, poor feeding, and seizures. Older children and adults may experience headaches, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, difficulty in balance and coordination, cognitive impairments, and even changes in personality.
Causes: Hydrocephalus can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. Congenital hydrocephalus may result from genetic abnormalities or developmental disorders, while acquired hydrocephalus can be caused by infections, tumors, bleeding in the brain, or traumatic brain injury.
Treatment: The primary treatment for hydrocephalus is surgical intervention. The most common procedure involves the insertion of a shunt system, which diverts the excess CSF to another part of the body where it can be absorbed. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) may be performed to create an alternative pathway for CSF drainage.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in managing hydrocephalus and preventing potential complications.