Kernicterus is a rare but serious condition that occurs in newborns when high levels of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, accumulate in the brain. This condition can lead to long-term neurological damage and developmental disabilities.
While the prevalence of kernicterus has significantly decreased over the years due to improved neonatal care and early detection, it still remains a concern in certain populations. The exact prevalence of kernicterus varies depending on various factors such as geographic location, healthcare access, and population demographics.
Studies have shown that the overall prevalence of kernicterus is estimated to be around 1 in 100,000 live births. However, it is important to note that this prevalence can be higher in specific high-risk groups, such as premature infants, infants with certain genetic conditions, or those born in resource-limited settings.
Prevention and early management of jaundice, the main precursor to kernicterus, are crucial in reducing the risk of this condition. Timely medical interventions, such as phototherapy or exchange transfusion, can effectively lower bilirubin levels and prevent the development of kernicterus.