Kernicterus is a rare but serious condition that occurs when there is an excessive buildup of bilirubin in a newborn's blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. When bilirubin levels become too high, it can lead to brain damage and other complications.
1. Jaundice: The most common symptom of kernicterus is jaundice, which is characterized by a yellowing of the skin and eyes. Jaundice typically appears within the first few days of life and may worsen if left untreated.
2. Poor feeding: Infants with kernicterus may have difficulty feeding or show a lack of interest in feeding. This can lead to inadequate nutrition and weight loss.
3. High-pitched cry: Another notable symptom is a high-pitched cry. Infants with kernicterus may have an abnormal cry that sounds shrill or piercing.
4. Lethargy: Kernicterus can cause extreme lethargy or drowsiness in affected infants. They may appear excessively sleepy and have difficulty staying awake.
5. Muscle rigidity: Some infants with kernicterus may exhibit muscle rigidity or stiffness. This can be observed through their body posture, with arms and legs being held in a fixed position.
6. Poor muscle tone: Kernicterus can also lead to poor muscle tone, known as hypotonia. Infants may appear floppy or have difficulty with movements.
7. Seizures: In severe cases, infants with kernicterus may experience seizures. Seizures can manifest as uncontrolled jerking movements, loss of consciousness, or staring spells.
8. Developmental delays: If left untreated or if the condition is severe, kernicterus can result in long-term developmental delays. These delays may affect motor skills, speech and language development, and cognitive abilities.
9. Hearing loss: Another potential consequence of kernicterus is hearing loss. The high levels of bilirubin can cause damage to the auditory system, leading to partial or complete hearing impairment.
10. Abnormal eye movements: Infants with kernicterus may exhibit abnormal eye movements, such as gaze abnormalities or difficulty tracking objects with their eyes.
Kernicterus is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. If you notice any of these symptoms in your newborn, it is crucial to seek medical care promptly. Early detection and treatment of high bilirubin levels can help prevent the development of kernicterus and its associated complications.