Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

What is the prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?

How many people does Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder affect? Does it have the same prevalence in men and women? And in the different countries?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects a significant number of women. While PMS is a common condition, PMDD is less prevalent but still impactful. Research suggests that approximately 3-8% of women of reproductive age experience PMDD symptoms.

PMDD is characterized by intense emotional and physical symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, typically starting a week or two before menstruation and subsiding shortly after it begins. These symptoms can significantly interfere with daily functioning and quality of life.

It is important to note that PMDD is a diagnosable medical condition and not simply a normal variation of mood or behavior. The exact cause of PMDD is still unknown, but hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are believed to play a role.

While PMDD can be challenging to manage, there are various treatment options available, including lifestyle changes, medication, and therapy. Seeking professional help is crucial for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.

by Diseasemaps

This is something that in Chile is unknown.

7/24/17 by Limerencia 2070

PMDD can only after women who haven't had a full hysterectomy. It affects around 2% of women

9/10/17 by son678 2000

3-8% of people who menstruated

10/22/17 by Deanna 2550

Prevalence Surveys indicate that PMS is among the most common health problems reported by reproductive-age women. Current estimates of the prevalence of clinically significant PMS vary from 12.6% to 31% of menstruating women. Epidemiologic studies have identified approximately 20% of reproductive age women as having moderate to severe PMS. The prevalence of PMDD is estimated to affect 5% to 8% of menstruating women. Available data suggest that PMS occurs across cultures at essentially comparable rates. Morbidity The morbidity of PMS is due to the severity of symptoms, chronicity, and the resulting emotional distress or impairment in work, relationships, and activities. When emotional distress or impairment in work, relationships, and activities. When assessed by standard measures, the level of impairment of PMS is significantly higher than community norms and is similar to that of major depression. Women with PMS report greatest impairments in personal relationships, compromised work levels, and increased absenteeism from work. Current clinical evidence suggests that PMS tends to be a chronic illness with little spontaneous recovery. Symptoms that improve with medical treatment may worsen quickly after treatment is stopped. Data have indicated that an individual diagnosed with PMDD experiences 3.8 years of disability during her reproductive years. Risk Factors for Premenstrual Syndrome Population-based studies have not consistently found a strong association between PMS and standard demographic risk factors such as education, income, employment, marital status, or the number of children. Racial differences have been reported in several studies, with blacks reporting more physical symptoms and a more depressed mood compared to whites. However, other data are conflicting and well-designed studies are needed to definitively identify potential demographic risk factors. Menstrual cycle characteristics such as cycle length or age at menarche have not been associated with PMS. Oral contraceptive use is also not considered a risk factor for PMS. Age. PMS appears to be associated with ovulatory menstrual cycles. Therefore, it may begin at any time after menarche and continue until ovulation ends at menopause. The majority of patients initially seeking treatment for PMS are aged from the mid-20s to late-30s. However, many report that PMS symptoms started a decade earlier. There is evidence that some adolescents experience the same symptoms and the severity levels of older women, but this age group has not yet been represented in clinical trials and data-based evidence is limited. Stress. Higher levels of perceived stress and higher "daily hassles" scores have been identified as risk factors for PMS by population-based studies. Traumatic events have been shown to increase the odds of developing PMDD more than 4 times. Genetics. Studies of twins have significantly contributed to data related to possible genetic factors in PMS. Kendler and colleagues identified substantial heritability of premenstrual depression and anxiety. These researchers concluded that the genetic risk factors for PMS are not closely related to genetic risk factors for lifetime major depression. No genetic marker or polymorphic profile for PMS has been identified. Obesity. A strong association between PMS and a body mass index ≥30 is reported in a recent population-based study. Because previous studies have not focused on the relationship between obesity and PMS, further investigation is needed to confirm these findings. Overall Health. Women with other health problems are more likely to have PMS. The presence of just 1 medical or psychological problem has been demonstrated to increase the risk of PMS nearly 2 times. Depression and Anxiety. Current mood and anxiety disorders or history of mood or anxiety disorders are common in women with PMS. In a population-based study, nearly 50% of those with PMDD were found to have an anxiety disorder currently or in the past year compared with only 22% without PMDD; approximately 30% with PMDD had a depressive disorder compared with 12% without. In another study of women seeking PMS treatment, 31% had a current mood disorder and 15% a current anxiety disorder.

8/9/18 by April 3000

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