Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is estimated to affect approximately 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 5,000 individuals worldwide. While the prevalence may vary across different populations, RP is generally considered a relatively uncommon condition.
RP is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the retina, leading to a gradual loss of vision over time. Symptoms typically emerge during childhood or adolescence and may include difficulty seeing at night (night blindness), a narrowing field of vision (tunnel vision), and eventual loss of central vision.
As a genetic disorder, RP can be inherited in different ways, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked patterns. It can also occur sporadically without a family history. Genetic testing and counseling are often recommended for individuals with RP or a family history of the condition.
While there is currently no cure for RP, various treatment options and supportive measures can help manage the symptoms and slow down disease progression. These may include low-vision aids, genetic therapies, and ongoing research into potential future treatments.